26. Sao chép

Nguyên tắc con

1. Use a simple, cheap copy in place of a complex, costly or awkward original
2. Use an optical copy such as a photo or image instead of the object
3. If visible light is not enough, use an infrared or ultraviolet copy

Ví dụ

• Reviewing a building with a scale model
• Surveying terrain from satellite images
• Inspecting equipment with a thermal camera

Ứng dụng theo lĩnh vực

• software: Testing against the real payment system costs money and carries risk. A fake payment server that answers the same way is used for tests.
• mechanical: Repeating crash tests on real parts is slow and expensive. Tests run first on a computer model, and physical tests are kept for final confirmation.
• medical: A dermatologist cannot easily see distant patients in person. Photos of the skin are sent and read remotely.
• materials: Paint layers hide the underdrawing of a painting. Some paint layers are transparent to infrared, so an infrared image sees through them and reveals it.