31. Vật liệu nhiều lỗ

Nguyên tắc con

1. Make the object porous or add porous elements
2. If it is already porous, fill the pores with something useful

Ví dụ

• Lightweight, stiff metal foam
• An activated-carbon filter trapping odor in its pores
• A porous implant filled with medication

Ứng dụng theo lĩnh vực

• materials: Thick, dense insulation is heavy. A material full of tiny pores is light and still blocks heat well.
• medical: A smooth bone implant bonds poorly to the surrounding bone. A porous surface lets bone grow into the pores and anchor it firmly.
• electronics: An electrode with little surface area stores little charge. Making it porous multiplies the surface area and stores far more charge in the same size.
• everyday: Washing up means squeezing out detergent every time. A sponge with detergent already held in its pores lathers with just water.