Tận dụng hiệu ứng khi chuyển pha: thay đổi thể tích, hấp thụ hoặc tỏa nhiệt.
Nguyên tắc con
Exploit the volume change or heat release and absorption that accompany a phase change
Ví dụ
The cooling of an ice pack
A cooling vest that works like evaporating sweat
Splitting rock with the expansion of freezing water
Ứng dụng theo lĩnh vực
electronics: A part that produces bursts of heat sees sharp temperature spikes. A material placed next to it absorbs heat as it melts and holds the temperature down meanwhile.
medical: Keeping vaccines cold on the way to places without power is hard. A box lined with packs that absorb heat while melting holds the temperature for days.
everyday: Pocket warmers that burn fuel are risky. Clicking a metal disc in a supersaturated solution starts crystallization, which gives off heat as it sets.
materials: A building overheats by day and cools at night. A material in the walls that melts and absorbs heat by day and sets and releases it at night evens out the temperature.
Xuất hiện trong 61 ô của ma trận mâu thuẫn cổ điển. Phần tiếng Anh giữ nguyên văn nguồn; bản dịch tiếng Việt đang hiệu đính.